HUMAN PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS 3 FIELD STRAINS UNDERGO EXTRACELLULAR FUSION PROTEIN CLEAVAGE TO ACTIVATE ENTRY

ABSTRACT Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) infection is driven by the coordinated action of viral surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion protein (F).Receptor-engaged HN activates F to insert into the target cell membrane and Blackboard drive virion-cell membrane fusion.For F to mediate entry, its precursor (F0) must fir

Environmental awareness and ever-growing restrictive regulations over contamination have increased the need for more environmentally-friendly lubricants.Due to their superior biodegradability and lower toxicity, vegetable oils are a good alternative to replace currently-used mineral oils.However, vegetable oils show low oxidation and thermal stabil